[terms that came up in this week's readings and/or lectures; should be helpful in reviewing
and are (for the most part) among the things Every Educated Person Should Be Familiar With.
NB: you are not expected to memorize all of these terms for the exams. You should, rather, use the terms (clustered into meaningful groups) as mnemonic prompts for studying. If you know the history of the places & periods discussed each week, the terms listed should look familiar & hopefully help you in organizing your thoughts about the material. Memorizing the lists without understanding the context of each term is not going to be helpful.]
Alexander the Great
Anatalia / Anatolia -- Asia Minor
Assyria -- Babylon -- (Neo-)Assyrian 'empire' -- Guteans -- Medes & Persians
astronomy/astrology -- math
bias ≠ prejudice
Bible -- Old Testament
Black Athena -- Martin Bernal
Bronze & the Bronze Age -- Iron Age
Canaan(ites) -- Palestine -- Israel -- Judea & Samaria -- the Holy Land
Çatal Höyük
city-state -- polis (Gk; pl. poleis > Eng politics) -- civitas (Lat; pl. civitates > Eng civilisation)
covenant (Hb brit, lit. "alliance, pact") -- prophet (Hb navi)
cultural ecology
cultus (Lat. > Eng cult, culture, cultivation)
cuneiform ("wedge-inscribed" writing) -- hieroglyphs ("sacred images") -- inscriptions -- alphabet -- scribe
Cyrus 'the Great' -- "Cyrus Cylinder" -- Darius I
domestication -- irrigation
Egypt -- "Two Lands" -- Upper / Lower Egypt -- Black / Red Land
'empire' (= state controlling many different people; ≠ empire in the technical sense used of Rome [see Week IV])
Fertile Crescent -- Mesopotamia -- (ancient) Near East -- Levant
grave goods
Hatshepsut -- Amenhotep IV / Akhenaton -- Tutankamon
Hebrews / Israelites / Jews -- Judea
hierarchy ("sacred order")
Hittites
hunter-gatherers -- pastoralists -- (semi)nomads -- agriculturalists
Hyksos
Jericho
language families: Semitic -- Hamitic -- Indo-European (I-E)
Lascaux
Maat (Egyptian: "justice," "order," "what is right") -- ka ("spiritual double") -- Book of the Dead
Marduk
Mediterranean
Mediterranean polyculture: complex agricultural system involving cultivation of grains, vines & olives
metallurgy
mummification -- mummies
Natufians
Neanderthals
Neolithic revolution
Nile (river) -- Atbara, Blue Nile, White Nile (rivers) -- First Cataract
Osiris -- Isis -- Seth -- Horus -- Re/Ra -- Amon-Ra -- the Aton -- Heliopolital Ennead (nine gods of Heliopolis)
Ötzi
palaeolithic ("old stone") -- neolithic ("new stone)
papyrus -- flax (> linen)
Persian Great King -- satrap / satrapy
Plutarch -- Herodotus -- Manetho
polytheism ('worship of many gods") -- henotheism ("worship of one god among many") -- monotheism ("worship of one god")
prehistory -- history ≠ historiography
primary sources -- secondary sources
Sargon -- Nebuchadnezzar II -- Senacherib
Sumer -- Akkad(ia) -- Babylon -- Assyria
syncretism ("mixed belief") -- anthropomorphism (modelling [of gods, e.g.] on humanity)
theocracy -- royal insignia (stripped off Babylonian king in annual ritual)
temples -- tombs
Tigris and Euphrates (rivers)
T-O maps
Upper & Lower Egypt -- Elephantine & Delta/Fayyum -- Giza -- Thebes & Memphis -- Old, Middle, and New Kingdom -- Dynasties 1-31 (or 0-33)
Yahweh / Jehovah
ziggurat -- pyramid -- obelisk
Zoroaster / Zarathustra -- Zoroastrianism -- Ahura Mazda