Dr. Jeffrey R. Zorn
Tu/Th 11:40-12:55
White Hall 110
Credits: 3.0
T: 255-1075

E: jrz3@cornell.edu

Office Hours:
Tu/Th 10:00-11:30
Tu 8:00-8:30
or by appointment
White Hall 407

II. Course Requirements and Grading:
A. Class Participation: 5%: Show up to class. Attendance will begin being kept the beginning of the third week of the semester. Course attendance is mandatory. The only excusable absences are those for family emergencies, medical situations, religious observances and away-game varsity sports events in which you participate. Every missed class deducts 0.5% from your course grade up to 5%.

B. Course Project: The Jerusalem Game
1. Initial Conception
2/16/07 - Wk 4 5% Title + 1 page (at least) draft of initial conception of game. I.e. topic, educational component and how the game will work. Also a preliminary annotated bibliography.

2. Preliminary Draft of Rules
3/27/07 - Wk 9 5% Preliminary draft of rules (including historical notes and explanations) and prototypes of components.

3. Final Version of Game
5/07/07 - Wk 15 25% Corrected final version of first draft and photocopied source pages for references.

C. Exams:
1. Two Prelims 20%
3/01/07 Wk 6
4/05/07 Wk 10

Map + slide identification + short essays. First midterm will cover the 1st Temple Period. Second midterm will cover the 2nd Temple Period.

2. Final Exam 20%
Wednesday
5/16/07
Map + slide identification + short essays. The final will cover primarily Jerusalem after the destruction of the 2nd Temple.

It is a general rule of thumb that for every hour of course credit, you should spend two hours working outside the class. The work load for this class is designed with this rule in mind. Expect to spend ca. 4 hours per week on readings and 2-3 on the paper/PowerPoint presentation.

Course attendance is mandatory. If a student is 10 minutes or more late to class that is counted as an absence. The University recognizes excusable absences only for family emergencies, medical situations, religious observances, away-game varsity sports events in which you participate, and job interviews.

The equivalent of ½ letter grade will be subtracted for each full class period any assignment is late; e.g. if work is due on Tuesday it is considered late if handed in after class on Thursday. ½ letter grade will be subtracted for each full day the final game project is late. If a student shows improvement over the course of the semester later work will be weighted more heavily in the final grade than early work.

I do not give early final exams. Please do not make plans to leave the university before that date.

D. How to understand your grade(s).
During the course of the semester student’s will receive back exams and assignments which will list two scores: the score for the particular exam/assignment, and a score marked CCG. CCG stands for Current Course Grade. If for some reason a student had to have a grade for the course on that day, that would be the score used to compute the grade. The CCG is a composite of all exams, assignments and attendance to that date.

A score of 70.0 to 72.9 is a C-, 73-76.9 is a C, and 77.0-79.9 a C+, and so on. There is no rounding of scores (either up or down). The only exception is for those students who have shown steady and marked improvement over the semester. Such a student, who has, for example, a score of 89.6 (B+), may be nudged up to an A- at the instructor’s discretion.

If you are taking this course S/U you must have a final score for the class of at least 70.0 to pass.

E. Improving grades
Grades for this course are never changed after the final grades are posted. If, based on your assignments, a student is worried about his/her final class grade, the time to see me is immediately after an assignment is returned. Do not wait until the last week of the semester! I do not hand out extra assignments or make-up work. The 100% absolute best way to improve during the course of the semester is to come in to office hours with drafts of work before they are due so that they can be gone over one-on-one. Most students do not take serious advantage of office hours and their course work often betrays that fact.

If you are on any sort of academic probation you should let me know about this as soon as possible. If a student misses 10 or more classes, or receives a D or lower composite grade on an assignment, his/her adviser will be notified immediately.

F. Impairments and personal crises
If you have any type of impairment which may affect your performance in the class you should let me know during the first week of the semester and provide me with proper university documentation for the impairment. If any such condition should arise during the course of the semester I should be notified of it immediately. If a family members falls seriously ill or dies you personally must inform me as soon as possible. You may contact me either before/after class, during office hours or by email. Do not leave it to others to contact me in case of a personal crisis. You should not come to me after the final grades have been posted and ask for extra consideration because of an unreported/undocumented crisis which occurred half way through the semester..

G. Missed classes.
If you will miss the class due to a religious observance you must notify me in person or by email which days you will miss for which observances. I cannot guess about such matters (that’s called racial profiling!).

III. University Regulations:
As per University regulations this class observes the following policies.
A. No toleration for any form of discrimination or harassment.
B. Due consideration for those with properly documented impairments.
C. Zero tolerance of plagiarism, which is the passing off of someone else’s work as one’s own. This includes, but is not limited to: having someone do your work for you and inadequate documentation of the ideas of others in your own work.

IV. Course Text Books:
A. Asali, K. J. (ed.) Jerusalem in History: 3,000 B.C. to the Present Day rev. ed. London & New York: Kegan Paul International, 1997.

B. Bahat, D. The Illustrated Atlas of Jerusalem. Jerusalem: Carta, 1990. (course packet)

C. Biblical Archaeology Review Reader. Collection of articles from BAR (course packet)

D. Peters, F.E. Jerusalem : The Holy City in the Eyes of Chroniclers, Visitors, Pilgrims, and Prophets from the Days of Abraham to the Beginnings of Modern Times. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985. (course packet)

E. A Bible. No Bibles have been ordered for this class since many students will already own one. Various translations can be found on-line for free with a little searching. Of course they can be found in local book stores and on-line stores. The only requirement is that students use an actual translation, not a paraphrase, such as the Living Bible, and that it be a modern translation, not something dated, such as the King James Version. If in doubt, please bring it to the instructor..

V. Recommended Readings:
Each section of the course comes with recommended readings which students may want to pursue if they have special interests in those areas. These are not required texts, but there is no doubt that the more a student is able to read and absorb the better he/she will do on exams.

Abbreviations used are:
BA = Biblical Archaeologist (renamed Near Eastern Archaeology)
BAR = Biblical Archaeology Review
BR = Bible Review

VI. Videos:
It is difficult to appreciate Jerusalem from written descriptions, maps and photographs alone. It is vital to experience it as an old and new living city. Of course the best way to do this is to visit the city itself. The second best option is to see it in “virtual” form. During the course of the semester we will see a number of videos covering different parts of Jerusalem’s long history. These will provide important supplementary material to that presented in regular lectures and readings.

VII. Approximate Outline of Lectures, Exams and Assignments:

A. Part 1: Weeks 1-2 (1/21-2/3) Introduction and Jerusalem before the time of David - Geology, Geography and Topography. History of the study of Jerusalem. Sources for the study of Jerusalem in the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. Jerusalem from the Early Bronze Age to the Israelite conquest of Jerusalem.
1. Outline of Topics
Week 1 Geography & Chronology

Week 2 Sources, History of Study of Jerusalem, Major Excavations in Jerusalem, Bronze Age Jerusalem before the Israelites

2. Readings:
a. Required
i. Bahat 12-23, 118-127.
ii. Peters 3-6.
iii. BAR Course Packet Week 2
iv. Bible Genesis 14:17-24, 22:1-14; 2 Chronicles 3:1; Joshua 10, 15:1-12, 18:11-28; Judges 1:1-21, 19:1-12.

b. Recommended
i. Broshi, M., “Estimating the Population of Ancient Jerusalem.” BAR 4.2 (1978): 10-15.
ii. Edelstein, G. and Gibson, S., “Ancient Jerusalem’s Rural Food Basket.” BAR 8.4 (1982): 46-54.

B. Part 2: Weeks 3-6 (2/4-3/3) Jerusalem during the 1st Temple Period - Historical overview of the 1st Temple period. Sources relating to the history of Iron Age Jerusalem, Biblical and extra-Biblical. Fortifications, domestic architecture, the temple, palaces, water systems, tombs and funerary customs, daily life, artifacts, inscriptions, rural surroundings.
1. Outline of Topics
Week 3 Jerusalem in Early Biblical Stories (Joshua and Judges)

Week 4 Jerusalem under the United Monarchy, Water System, Millo, Palaces, Tombs, Temple, Cult Sites

Week 5 Jerusalem to the time of Hezekiah, Expansion to Western Hill, Water Systems

Week 6 Jerusalem to its Fall in 586, Cults, Cemeteries, Fortifications

2. Readings:
a. Required
i. Bahat 24-33
ii. Asali 11-66
iii. Peters 6-41
iv. BAR Course Packet Weeks 3-6
v. Bible 2 Samuel 5:1-16, 6:1-19, 7:1-17; 1 Chronicles 11:1-8; 1 Kings 5:1-8:11; 1 Chronicles 28:11-19, 29:1-9; 2 Chronicles 2:1-5:1; Ezekiel 40:1-44:1; 2 Kings 12:1-16, 18:1-19:37, 20:20-21; 2 Chronicles 32:1-5, 30. Isaiah 22:8-11; Jeremiah 7:1-11; 2 Kings 22:1-23:27; Jeremiah 7:16-20, 19:1-15; Ezekiel 8:1-18; Isaiah 22:15-19; 1 Kings 2:10-12; Nehemiah 3:13-27; 2 Chronicles 32:34; 2 Kings 21:17-18, 24-26; Ezekiel 43:6-9; 2 Kings 24:1-25:21

b. Recommended
i. Cahill, J., Reinhard, K., Tarler, D., and Warnock, P., “It Had to Happen — Scientists Examine Remains of Ancient Bathroom.” BAR 17.3 (1991): 64-69.
ii. Flemming, J., “The Undiscovered Gate Beneath Jerusalem’s Golden Gate.” BAR 9.1 (1983): 24-37.
iii. Gill, D., “How They Met: Geology Solves Long-Standing Mysteries of Hezekiah’s Tunnel.” BAR 20.4 (1994): 20-33, 64.
iv. Mazar, E., “Royal Gateway to Ancient Jerusalem Uncovered.” BAR 15.3 (1989): 38-51.
v. Na’aman, N. “Cow Town or Royal Citadel? Evidence for Iron Age Jerusalem.” BAR 23.4 (1997): 43-47, 67.
vi. Shanks, H. “Three Shekels for the Lord.” BAR 23.6 (1997) 28-32.

2/4/07: Initial Conception of Game Due

3/1/07: 1st Prelim

C. Part 3: Weeks 7-10 (3/4-4/7) Jerusalem during the 2nd Temple Period - Historical overview of the 2nd Temple period (Persian, Hellenistic, Herodian/Early Roman). Sources relating to Jerusalem (Old Testament, Josephus, the New Testament, Talmud). Fortifications, the Temple, palaces, domestic architecture, public buildings, water systems, cemeteries.
1. Outline of Topics
Week 7 Jerusalem in the Babylonian - Persian - Hellenistic Period

Week 8 Herodian Jerusalem (history)

Week 9 Herodian Jerusalem (mostly monumental architecture)

Week 10 Herodian Jerusalem (homes and cemeteries), Jesus in Jerusalem, The Jewish Revolt in Jerusalem

2. Readings:
a. Required
i. Bahat 34-57
ii. Asali 66-87
iii. Peters 42-130
iv. BAR Course Packet Week 7-10
v. Bible Ezra 3-6; Nehmiah 3

b. Recommended
i. Bahat, D., “Jerusalem Down Under: Tunneling Along Herod’s Temple Mount Wall.” BAR 21.6 (1995): 30-47.
ii. Edelstein, G., “What’s a Roman Villa Doing Outside Jerusalem?” BAR 16.6 (1990): 32-42.
iii. Pixner, B., “Jerusalem’s Essene Gateway - Where the Community Lived in Jesus’ Time.” BAR 23.3 (1997): 22-31, 64.
iv. Rosovsky, N., “A Thousand Years of History in Jerusalem’s Jewish Quarter.” BAR 18.3 (1992): 22-40.

3/18-3/34: Spring

3/27/07: Preliminary Draft of Rules Due

4/3-4/9: Passover

4/05/07: 2nd Prelim

D. Part 4: Weeks 11-14 (4/8-5/5) Post 2nd Temple Jerusalem - Jerusalem during the Later Roman, Byzantine, Early Arab, Crusader, Mamluk, Ottoman periods.
1. Outline of Topics
Week 11 Roman Aelia Capitolina

Week 12 Byzantine Jerusalem

Week 13 Early Arab and Crusader Jerusalem

Week 14 Ayyubid, Mamluk and Ottoman Jerusalem

2. Readings:
a. Required
i. Bahat 58-117
ii. Asali 86-227
iii. BAR Course Packet Week 11-13
iv. Peters 131-138, 143-150, 161-170, 177-201, 213-214, 235-240, 258-260, 281-288, 306-321, 391-393, 397-407, 479-486.

b. Recommended
i. Eisenstadt, S., “Jesus’ Tomb Depicted on a Byzantine Gold Ring from Jerusalem.” BAR 13.2 (1987): 46-49.
ii. Magen, M. “Recovering Roman Jerusalem — The Entryway Beneath Damascus Gate.” BAR 14.3 (1988): 48-56.

5/07/07: Final Version of Game

5/16/07: Final Exam 2:00-4:30

VIII. The Jerusalem Game:

This semester students will participate in a novel and experimental learning project. Instead of writing a regular term paper students will design and produce an educational game based on some aspect of Jerusalem. Students who undertook this assignment in previous semesters came away thinking that a “simple” research paper would have been much easier! Designing a history-based game will not only test your research abilities, but also your artistic/creative side, and your talent for thinking outside the simple academic box you have been in until now.

The game might cover a single event, something that happens over years, something that involves specific individuals, objects, processes, etc. The point is to be creative. Students may draw on their knowledge of, and acquaintance with games they have played or seen as inspirations for their own projects. There are many different types of games, such as board games, card games, computer games, even TV game shows (but not anything even marginally resembling Survivor) that could be devised.

The Game as Educational Tool
The key to this project is that the game provide a real educational experience for those who play it. That is, players should come away with new knowledge and a new appreciation of the aspect of Jerusalem. Each game will come with its own rules and components, of course, but each must also have a short paper (4-5 pages) of designer’s notes. These notes will explain the purpose of the game, i.e. what you the designer hope those who play the game will learn, and how the game will accomplish this (the purpose and methodology sections of any good term paper). This explanation part is crucial, so please put some solid effort into it.

Work Involved
This game development project, though intended to be fun and a learning experience itself, will also be graded very seriously. The quality of the work completed is expected to be at the same level as that of a term paper. The rule of thumb for the amount of work out side of class students should expect to spend is about 2 hours for each credit. Since this is a 3 credit class students are expected to put in 6 hours of work per week. The readings are designed to take about 3+/- hours per week, leaving about 3 hours for work on the project. It is a maxim that the quality of the final product is dependent on the effort put into it, so please take the time to do quality work.

Grading the Game
How will the game be graded? Projects based on an existing commercial product must show higher levels of creativity in terms of components and production values than projects which are totally original. The designer’s notes and rules are most important. Do the rules and game components work together as an educational vehicle that provide the learning experience set forth in the notes? Is the game novel or clever or especially creative in some way? Do the components used in the game add to the learning experience and are they appropriate for the subject. Of course few students in the class are likely to be designers or artists, or have the resources of Mattel to throw at the game, so components can not be graded as though they were being produced by professionals, but thought and effort should go into creating whatever game paraphernalia seems required. The Internet is loaded with useful imagery. Cornell has scanners in public labs that can be used for capturing just the right background image, object, etc. Browse through office and art supply stores. Have a look at books produced for children. They often have clean, simple graphics.

Bibliographies
Even a game requires some depth of research, and this will be evident from the amount of bibliography used (not including the bibliography provided in the syllabus; i.e. works a student has found on his/her own). Students must have at least 3 sources in their bibliographies beyond those in the syllabus. Note that this is an annotated bibliography. This means that each bibliographic entry is followed by a short paragraph which explains how the student used the work in his/her project. It should not be something so facile as a reworded version of the title of the work. E.g. an article with a title like: “Jerusalem’s Water Systems” should not have an annotation such as: “An important work that helped me learn a lot about the development of the water systems of Jerusalem over time.” Be concrete and specific in your examples of how/why a work was important to you.

Asking for Help
By all means, ask for help. Most students never come to their instructors for help. The best way to make a favorable impression on an instructor is to come to office hours with well thought out questions and a willingness to follow up on suggestions. There are only two areas in which I will not be able to offer direct advice. First, I can not suggest the format/initial conception of the game, that is up to the student. I will be more than happy to help critique ideas and offer suggestions for how to improve work as it develops, but it is up to the individual student to come to me with questions. If a student wants a critical review of his/her project please bring it to me at least 1 week before it’s due; otherwise I may not have time to review it and return it in time to make changes. I can also not help on bibliography until a student has done some work on his/her own. The syllabus and course texts contain a great deal of basic bibliographic material. Only after a student has done some research and can tell me exactly what he/she has already done, can I lend a hand on bibliography.

In the end the grade for the project will be a mix of more easily quantifiable/objective criteria and subjective assessment, a mix of “science” and “art”. However, experience has shown that the two usually flow in parallel streams. I.e. those who do the hard work and produce good results in one area (such as writing up the design philosophy), usually accomplish the same in other areas as well (such as designing a game board).

Example of Initial conception and example rules (Phase 1 of project)

Succession! The Game of Power Politics in the Time of King David
Each player represents one of David’s sons in a struggle to see who will succeed their father on the throne of Israel. The game is intended for 4-6 players.

Each player is randomly dealt a card representing one of David’s sons; these are rated in terms of cunning, charisma, and prestige. The remaining Son cards are left face down in a pile to one side.

Each player is then randomly dealt 5 cards from the Succession Deck, the remaining Succession cards are left face down in a pile in easy reach of all players.

The Succession Deck contains two types of cards: Faction cards and Event Cards. Each Faction card has a brief description as to what it represents, how many prestige points it’s worth, and the category to which it belongs. Categories are: Family, Military, Cultic, Foreign Influence, and Tribal (examples below). The Event cards add or remove cards from a player’s hand.

Whoever has the eldest son in-play plays first, the order of play than proceeds clockwise.

The player whose turn it is draws a card from the Succession Deck. If the card says Play Immediately it must be used immediately. Otherwise the player has two options: Play this card or any other in his hand face up in front of him (these in-play cards are the Son’s Power Base), or discard any card in his hand.

Play continues until one player achieves victory. The deck is reshuffled and reused each time all the cards have been drawn.

If a player’s son dies his faction is till in the game. His Power Base remains on table until the player can draw a new Son, or the game ends. The player may still draw cards. He may keep or discard cards as normal, but may not play Faction cards until he has another Son in play. Event cards may still be played.

The player to layout cards totaling 100 prestige points and points in at least 4 categories first is the winner.

Example Faction Cards
Joab, Commander of the Army - Military - 12 Points
Band of Mercenary Cherethites - Military - 8 Points
Zadok, High Priest - Cultic - 10 Points
Build an Altar - Cultic - Add 5 points to value of any priest/prophet you have in play. Keep next to priest/prophet card
Bath Sheba, Wife - Family - 15 Points
Favored Wife - Family - Add 5 points to value of any wife you have in play. Keep next to wife card
Hiram of Tyre - Foreign Influence - 5 Points
Naphtali - Tribal - 3 Points

Example Event Cards
Draw Another Son: Useful in event an heir dies or as a source of support. If played as part of building a player’s power base it adds the son’s prestige value. However, if played in this way it can not be used to replace an heir who has died.
. Plague on Jerusalem: Angel of YHWH smites the city; play on another son who then loses one in-play Faction card and any cards added to it.
Deliver eloquent prayer before Ark of the Covenant; immediately draw and play two cards from the Succession deck.
Eye of Suspicion: David is suspicious. Remove a single Favored card from another Son’s Power Base.
Conspiracy: Play on the Son adjacent to you going counterclockwise. This son has been accused of conspiring against King David. If the accused son’s Charisma is lower than yours he dies; if yours is lower you die.

Example of game components that could be made (Phase 2 of project)
Card games are easy in that all the components are paper, but also notoriously difficult because for the game to be successful the cards must not only be well enough thought out to allow at least one person to win (while still allowing others to be in the game right to the end) but the cards must also be visually appealing, like little works of art.

For a game like Succession! I would probably use an architectural element (such as a proto-aeolic capital) as the design on the back of the succession cards, and a design lifted from some ancient seal for the back of the son cards. Wherever possible the card faces will have faces of Biblical (or at least ancient near eastern) characters lifted from the iconography of the era. E.g. for Bathsheba I might look around for an image of a royal woman from the Phoenician world. For objects I would also use images from the ancient world as much as possible.

Color of the cards would likely be various warm earth tones, similar to the color of excavated reliefs and the debris which are all that remains of that era.

IX. Bibliography
A selection of works, most of them fairly recent, providing useful references:

Books:
Auld, G. and Steiner, M. Jerusalem I: From the Bronze Age to the Maccabees. Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 1996.
Avigad, N. Discovering Jerusalem. Jerusalem: Shikmona Publishing Co., 1980.
Avigad, N. Hebrew Bullae from the Time of Jeremiah. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1986.
Bahat, D. The Illustrated Atlas of Jerusalem. Jerusalem: Carta, 1990.
Ben-Dov, M. In the Shadow of the Temple: The Discovery of Ancient Jerusalem. New York: Harper and Row, 1985.
Cline, E. H. Jerusalem Besieged: From Ancient Canaan to Modern Israel. Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, 2004.
Geva, H., ed. Ancient Jerusalem Revealed. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1994.
Kenyon, K. M., Digging Up Jerusalem. London: Ernest Benn Ltd., 1974.
Levine, L. I. Jerusalem: Portrait of the City in the Second Temple Period (538 B.C.E.-70 C.E.). Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2002.,
Mazar, B., The Mountain of the Lord. Garden City: Doubleday, 1975.
Rosovsky, N. City of the Great King: Jerusalem from David to the Present. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996.
Shanks, H., Jerusalem: An Archaeological Biography. New York: Random House: 1995.
Ussishkin, D. The Village of Silwan: The Necropolis from the Period of the Judean Kingdom. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1993.
Vaughn, A. G. and Killebrew, A. E., eds. Jerusalem in Bible and Archaeology: The First Temple Period. Atlanta: Soceity of Biblical Literature, 2004.
Yadin, Y., ed. Jerusalem Revealed: Archaeology in the Holy City 1968-1974. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1976.

Articles:
BAR = Biblical Archaeology Review
BA = Biblical Archaeologist
BR = Bible Review

See also the following articles in D. N. Freedman (ed.) The Anchor Bible Dictionary. New York: Doubleday, 1992. (In Olin Reference. Also on CD-ROM in the Electronic Text Center in Olin)
“David, City of” Vol. II, pp. 52-67.
“Herod’s Building Program” Vol. III, pp. 169-172.
“Jerusalem” Vol. III, pp. 747-766.
“Temple, Jerusalem” Vol. VI, pp. 350-369.
Also a useful source for articles on specific people, events, and features associated with Jerusalem. E.g. “Golgotha,” “Hezekiah,” “Topheth”.

See also the articles on Jerusalem in E. Stern (ed.) The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, vol. 2, 1098-1102. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. Uris Library Reference (Non-Circulating) DS111.A2 E612 1993

Before the Temple
Broshi, M., “Estimating the Population of Ancient Jerusalem.” BAR 4.2 (1978): 10-15.
Edelstein, G. and Gibson, S., “Ancient Jerusalem’s Rural Food Basket.” BAR 8.4 (1982): 46-54.
Edelstein, G. and Kislev, M., “Mevasseret Yerushalayim: Ancient Terrace Farming.” BA 44 (1981): 53-56.
King, P., “Bible Lands: Exploring the Valleys of Jerusalem.” BR 7.2 (1991): 28-

First Temple Period
Anonymous, “The Mystery of the Horses of the Sun at the Temple Entrance.” BAR 4.2 (1978): 8-9.
Anonymous, “Has Jerusalem’s Millo Been Found?” BAR 8.4 (1982): 6-7.
Barkay, G., “Burial Headrests as a Return to the Womb — A Reevaluation.” BAR 14.2 (1988): 48-50.
Barkay, G., “What’s an Egyptian Temple Doing in Jerusalem?” BAR 26.3 (2000):48-57, 67.
Barkay, G., “Mounds of Mystery.” BAR 29.3 (2003): 32–39, 66, 68.
Barkay, G., “Royal Palace, Royal Portrait?” BAR 32.5 (2006): 34-44.
Barkay, G., and Kloner, A., “Jerusalem Tombs from the Days of the First Temple.” BAR 12.2 (1986): 22-39.
Cahill, J., “It is There: Archaeological Evidence Proves It.” BAR 24.4 (1998): 34-41, 63.
Cahill, J., “Jerusalem in David and Solomon’s Time.” BAR 30.6 (2004): 20-31, 62-63.
Cahill, J., Reinhard, K., Tarler, D., and Warnock, P., “It Had to Happen — Scientists Examine Remains of Ancient Bathroom.” BAR 17.3 (1991): 64-69.
Cole, D., “How Water Tunnels Worked.” BAR 6.2 (1980): 8-29.
Cogan, M. “Sennacherib’s Siege of Jerusalem.” BAR 27.1 (2001):40-45, 69.
Faust, A., “Warren’s Shaft. Yes, It Really Was Used to Draw Water.” BAR 29.5 (2003): 70-76.
Flemming, J., “The Undiscovered Gate Beneath Jerusalem’s Golden Gate.” BAR 9.1 (1983): 24-37.
Fritz, V., “What Can Archaeology Tell Us About Solomon’s Temple.” BAR 13.4 (1987): 38-49.
Gill, D., “How They Met: Geology Solves Long-Standing Mysteries of Hezekiah’s Tunnel.” BAR 20.4 (1994): 20-33, 64.
Gonen, R., “Was the Site of the Jerusalem Temple Originally a Cemetery?” BAR 11.3 (1985): 44-53.
Gonen, R., “Visualizing First Temple Jerusalem.” BAR 15.3 (1989): 52-55.
Har-El, M., “Jerusalem and Judea: Roads and Fortifications.” BA 44 (1981): 8-20.
Hendel, R. S., “The Date of the Siloam Inscription: A Rejoinder to Rogerson and Davies.” BA 59 (1996) 233-237.
Keel, O., “The Peculiar Headrests For the Dead in First Temple Times.” BAR 13.4 (1987): 50-53.
Laperrousaz, E.-M., “King Solomon’s Wall Still Supports the Temple Mount.” BAR 13.3 (1987): 34-44.
Lemaire, A., “Probable Head of Priestly Scepter from Solomon’s Temple Surfaces in Jerusalem.” BAR 10.1 (1984): 24-29.
Levy, A., “Bad Timing.” BAR 24.4 (1998)18-23.
Mazar, E., “Royal Gateway to Ancient Jerusalem Uncovered.” BAR 15.3 (1989): 38-51.
Mazar, E., “Excavate King David’s Palace.” BAR 23.1 (1997): 50-57, 74.
Mazar, E., “Did I Excavate King David’s Palace.” BAR 32.1 (2006): 16-27, 70.
Meyers, C. L., “The Elusive Temple.” BA 45 (1982): 33-41.
Millard, A. R., “Does the Bible Exaggerate King Solomon’s Golden Wealth?” BAR 15.3 (1989): 20-34.
Monson, J., “The New ‘Ain Dara Temple: Closest Solomonic Parallel.” BAR 26.3 (2000):20-35, 67.
Na’aman, N., “Cow Town or Royal Citadel? Evidence for Iron Age Jerusalem.” BAR 23.4 (1997): 43-47, 67.
Na’aman, N., “It is There: Ancient Texts Prove It.” BAR 24.4 (1998):42-44.
Parker, S. B., “Siloam Inscription Memorializes Engineering Achievement.” BAR 20.4 (1994): 36-38.
Reich, R. and Shukron, E., “Light at the End of the Tunnel.” BAR 25.1 (1999):22-33, 72.
Rahmani, L. Y., “Ancient Jerusalem’s Funerary Customs and Tombs, Part One.” BA 44 (1981) 171-177.
Rahmani, L. Y., “Ancient Jerusalem’s Funerary Customs and Tombs, Part Two.” BA 44 (1981) 229-235.
Ritmeyer, L., “Locating the Original Temple Mount.” BAR 18.2 (1992): 24-45, 64.
Ritmeyer, L., “The Ark of the Covenant: Where it Stood in Solomon’s Temple.” BAR 22.1 (1996): 46-55, 70.
Rogerson, J. and Davies, P. R., “Was the Siloam Tunnel Built by Hezekiah?” BA 59 (1996): 138-149.
Shanks, H., “The City of David after Five Years of Digging.” BAR 11.6 (1985): 22-38.
Shanks, H., “Jeremiah’s Scribe and Confidant Speaks from a Hoard of Clay Bullae.” BAR 13.5 (1987) 58-65.
Shanks, H., “Have the Tombs of the Kings of Judah Been Found?” BAR 13.4 (1987): 54-56.
Shanks, H., “The Tombs of Silwan.” BAR 20.3 (1994): 38-51.
Shanks, H., “Is this King David’s Tomb?” BAR 21.1 (1995): 62-67.
Shanks, H., “Three Shekels for the Lord.” BAR 23.6 (1997) 28-32.
Shanks, H., “Everything You Ever Knew About Jerusalem is Wrong (Well, Almost).” BAR 25.6 (1999):20-29.
Shanks, H., “I Climbed Warren’s Shaft (But Joab Never Did).” BAR 25.6 (1999):30-35.
Shanks, H., “The Missing Millennium in Jerusalem’s Archaeology.” BAR 26.5 (2000):34-37.
Shanks, H., “2,700-Year-Old Tower Found?” BAR 26.5 (2000):38-41.
Shea, W. H., “Jerusalem Under Siege: Did Sennacherib Attack Twice?” BAR 25.6 (1999):36-44, 64.
Shiloh, Y., “Jerusalem’s Water Supply During Siege — The Rediscovery of Warren’s Shaft.” BAR 7.4 (1981): 24-39.
Singer, S. F., “Temple Mount Update.” BAR 27.2 (2001):16-17.
Stager, L. E. “Jerusalem as Eden.” BAR 26.3 (2000):36-47, 66.
Steiner, M., “It’s Not There: Archaeology Proves a Negative.” BAR 24.4 (1998):26-33, 62-63.

Second Temple Period
Anonymous, “Dating the Cardo Maximus in Jerusaelm.” BAR 8.4 (1982): 7.
Avigad, N., “Jerusalem Flourishing — A Craft Center for Stone, Pottery and Glass.” BAR 9.6 (1983): 48-65.
Avigad, N., “Jerusalem in Flames — The Burnt House Captures a Moment in Time.” BAR 9.6 (1983): 66-72.
Bahat, D., Does the Holy Sepulchre Church Mark the Burial of Jesus?” BAR 12.3 (1986): 26-45.
Bahat, D., “Jerusalem Down Under: Tunneling Along Herod’s Temple Mount Wall.” BAR 21.6 (1995): 30-47.
Barkay, G., “The Garden Tomb — Was Jesus Buried Here?” BAR 12.2 (1986): 40-57.
Ben-Dov, M., “Herod’s Mighty Temple Mount.” BAR 12.6 (1986): 40-49.
Berlin, A., “Power and its Afterlife: Tombs in Hellenistic Palestine.” NEA 65(2002):138-147.
Demsky, A., “When the Priests Trumpeted the Onset of the Sabbath.” BAR 12.6 (1986): 50-52.
Edelstein, G., “What’s a Roman Villa Doing Outside Jerusalem?” BAR 16.6 (1990): 32-42.
Feldman, S., “Furor Over Temple Mount Construction.” BAR 26.2 (2000):14-15.
Fine, S., “Why Bone Boxes?” BAR 27.5 (2001):38-44, 57.
Geva, H., “Another View: Small City, Few People.” BAR 32.1 (2006): 66-68
Greenhut, Z., “Burial Cave of the Caiaphas Family.” BAR 18.5 (1992): 28-36, 76.
Greenhut, Z and Avni, G., “Akeldama — Resting Place of the Rich and Famous.” BAR 20.6 (1994): 36-46.
Hamrick, E. W., “The Third Wall of Agrippa I.” BA 40 (1977): 18-23.
Jacobson, D., “Sacred Geometry: Unlocking the Secret of the Temple Mount, Part 1.” BAR 25.4 (1999):42–53, 62-64.
Jacobson, D., “Sacred Geometry: Unlocking the Secret of the Temple Mount, Part 2.” BAR 25.5 (1999):54-63, 74.
Jacobson, D., “Herod’s Roman Temple.” BAR 28.2 (2002):18-27, 60-61.
Kloner, A., “Did a Rolling Stone Close Jesus’ Tomb?” BAR 25.5 (1999):22-29, 76.
Magness, J., “What Did Jesus’ Tomb Look Like?” BAR 32.1 (2006): 38-49, 70
Mazar, B., “Excavations near Temple Mount Reveal Splendors of Herodian Jerusalem.” BAR 6.4 (1980): 44-59.
Murphy-O’Connor, J., “The Garden Tomb and the Misfortunes of an Inscription.” BAR 12.2 (1986): 54.
Netzer, E., “Herod’s Family Tomb in Jerusaelm.” BAR 9.3 (1983): 52-60.
Pixner, B., “Church of the Apostles Found on Mt. Zion.” BAR 16.3 (1990): 16-35, 60.
Pixner, B., “Jerusalem’s Essene Gateway - Where the Community Lived in Jesus’ Time.” BAR 23.3 (1997): 22-31, 64.
Rahmani, L. Y., “Ancient Jerusalem’s Funerary Customs and Tombs, Part Three.” BA 45 (1982): 43-53.
Rahmani, L. Y., “Ancient Jerusalem’s Funerary Customs and Tombs, Part Four.” BA 45 (1982) 109-119.
Reich, R. and Billig, Y., “Triple Play.” BAR 28.5 (2002):40-47.
Ritmeyer, L., “Quarrying and Transporting Stones for Herod’s Temple Mount.” BAR 15.6 (1989): 46-48.
Ritmeyer, K. and L., “Reconstructing Herod’s Temple Mount in Jerusalem.” BAR 15.6 (1989): 23-42.
Ritmeyer, K. and L., “Reconstructing the Triple Gate.” BAR 15.6 (1989): 49-53.
Ritmeyer, K. and L., “Akeldama — Potter’s Field or High Priest’s Tomb?” BAR 20.6 (1994): 22-35, 76.
Ritmeyer, L. and Kaufman, A., “Where was the Temple? The Debate Goes On.” BAR 26.2 (2000):52-61, 69.
Rochman, B., “Graves at the Western Wall?” BAR 24.2 (1998):24.
Rochman, B., “X Marked the Spot: Roman Camp Found Beneath Jerusalem Convention Center.” BAR 24. 5 (1998):22.
Rosovsky, N., “A Thousand Years of History in Jerusalem’s Jewish Quarter.” BAR 22-40.
Shanks, H., “Excavating in the Shadow of the Temple Mount.” BAR 12.6 (1986): 20-38.
Shanks, H., “The Jerusalem Wall That Shouldn’t Be There.” BAR 13.3 (1987): 46-57.
Shanks, H., “The Siloam Pool: Where Jesus Cured the Blind Man.” BAR 31.5 (2005): 16-33.
Stein, M., “How Herod Moved Gigantic Blocks to Construct Temple Mount.” BAR 7.3 (1981): 42-46.
Ussishkin, D., “Big City, Few People: Jerusalem in the Persian Period.” BAR 31.4 (2005): 26-35
Zimmerman, M. A., “Tunnel Exposes New Areas of Temple Mount.” BAR 7.3 (1981): 34-41.
Zissu, B., “Odd Tomb Out: Has Jerusalem’s Essene Cemetery Been Found?” BAR 25.2 (1999):50-55, 62.

After the Temple
Eisenstadt, S., “Jesus’ Tomb Depicted on a Byzantine Gold Ring from Jerusalem.” BAR 13.2 (1987): 46-49.
Eshel, H., “Jerusalem No More.” BAR 23.6 (1997): 46-48, 73.
Geva, H., “Searching for Roman Jerusalem.” BAR 23.6 (1997): 34-45, 72.
Magen, M., “Recovering Roman Jerusalem — The Entryway Beneath Damascus Gate.” BAR 14.3 (1988): 48-56.
Magness, J., “The Walls of Jerusalem in the Early Islamic Period.” BA 54 (1991): 208-217.
Magness, J., “Illuminating Byzantine Jerusalem.” BAR 24.2 (1998):40-47, 70-71.
Mazar, E., “Temple Mount Excavations Unearth the Monastery of the Virgins.” BAR 30.3 (2004):20-33.
Mazar, E. “Hadrian’s Legion Encamped on the Temple Mount.” BAR 32.6 (2006): 52-58, 82-83.
Meshorer, Y., “Ancient Gold Ring Depicts the Holy Sepulchre.” BAR 12.3 (1986): 46-48.
Ousterhout, R., “The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (in Bologna, Italy).” BAR 26.6 (2000):20-35.
Ritmeyer, K. and L., “Jerusalem’s Ethiopian Compound.”
Sharon, M. “Islam on the Temple Mount.” BAR 32.4 (2006): 36-47, 68.
Singer, S. F., “More Temple Mount Antiquities Destroyed.” BAR 26.5 (2000):28-33.
Shurkin, M. R., “O Jerusalem.” BAR 30.3 (2004):40-47.
Sudilovsky, J., “Like Grandfather, Like Granddaughter: Oldest Synagogue in Jerusalem Identified.” BAR 25.3 (1999):20-21.
Sudilovsky, J., “One for the Road: Ancient Rest Stop Discovered on Mount of Olives.” BAR 26.5 (2000):16.
Tzaferis, V., “The Monastery of the Cross: Where Heaven and Earth Meet.” BAR 27.6 (2001):32-41.